I. Heerarka hadda ee warshadaha dahaarka biriiga baabuurta ee Shiinaha.
GB5763-2008 dahaarka biriiga ee baabuurta
GB/T17469-1998 "Qiimeynta Waxqabadka Jajabka Dahaarka Baabuurta ee Tusaalaha Yaryar ee Hababka Imtixaanka Kursiga
GB/T5766-2006 "Habka Tijaabada Hardness Rockwell ee Alaabta jabka
JC/T472-92 "Automotive disc brake block shirka iyo barreega durbaanka kabo isku xidhka habka tijaabada xoogga xiirida
JC/T527-93 "walaxda jajaban ee gubta habka tijaabada vector
JC/T528-93 "habka tijaabada walxaha dareeraha ah ee acetone
JC/T685-1998 "Qaabka tijaabada cufnaanta walxaha jajaban
QC/T472-1999 "Qaabka bareega gawaarida iska caabbinta biyaha, biyaha milixda, saliidda iyo habka tijaabada waxqabadka dareeraha biriiga
QC/T473-1999 "Qaabka tijaabada ee xoogga xiiranka gudaha ee alaabta dahaarka biriiga baabuurta
Habka tijaabada ee QC/T583-1999 ee dahaarka biriiga ee baabuurka
QC/T42-1992 "Qiimaynta Dusha iyo Ciladaadka Qalabka Baabuurta ee Disgagga Goosha Baarista ka dib
Marka labaad, nidaamka heerka caalamiga ah ee warshadaha dahaarka biriiga.
biriiga shisheeye, dahaarka gudbinta (block) iyo halbeegyada kulan inta badan waa taxane Yurub, taxanaha United States, Japan (Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association standards) iyo ISO taxanaha, taxanaha ISO waxaa inta badan la horumariyo iyadoo la tixraacayo heerarka Yurub.
Heerarka Maraykanku waa inta badan SAE, FMVSS, AMECA, iwm.
Heerarka Yurub inta badan xeerarka sida AK (sida AK1, AK2, AK3, AKM), ECE (R13, R13H, R90), EEC71/320.
Heerarka Jabbaan waa JASO iyo JIS D.
Heerarka Ameerikaanka iyo Yurub asal ahaan waxay u qaybsan yihiin taageerada martigeliyaha sida FMVSS ee FMVSS121, 122, 105, 135 iyo AMECA iyo R13, R13H iyo ISO11057, heerarka labiska (ka dib suuqa) sida SAE2430, TP121, R90 oo buuxiya shuruudaha ugu yar ee ECER iwm.
Ma jiro halbeegyo qasab ah oo gudaha Mareykanka ah, laakiin waa in la ansixiyo kahor iibka, Yurub ee suuqa kala iibsiga ka hor waa inay noqotaa shahaadada EMARK.
ISO15484-2005 (DIS) waxay inta badan ku saleysan tahay qeexitaannada asalka ah ee caalamiga ah oo la sameeyay, iyadoo la tixraacayo SAE, JASO, JIS D, ECE R90, oo bixisa shuruudaha xakamaynta tayada, waa heerar aad u dhammaystiran oo walxaha isku dhaca baabuurta.
Laga soo bilaabo wadamada caalamiga ah iyo kuwa shisheeye ee horumaray baabuurta, waxay ku lifaaqan yihiin muhiimad aad u weyn heerarka dahaarka biriiga, waxay leeyihiin hay'ad gaar ah oo mas'uul ka ah, iyada oo la tixraacayo dhaqanka caalamiga ah, heerarka dahaarka biriiga ee Shiinaha waa in sidoo kale loo aaneeyaa warshadaha baabuurta, iyo aasaaska oo ah guddi-hoosaad gaar ah oo ka qaybqaadanaya shaqada, si loo fududeeyo u hoggaansanaanta heerarka caalamiga ah sida.
(1) Ururka ISO
Dahaarka biriiga ISO ee laxidhiidha dahaarka biriiga baabuurta ee heerarka waxtarka leh ee 21 iyo 1 caadooyinka caalamiga ah, iyo 6 heerar la xidhiidha, heerarkeeda dahaarka biriiga ee ay soo saartay TC22/SC2/WG2, kooxdeeda shaqada WG2 ee SC2 ee shanta kooxood ee shaqada ee kooxda shaqada ugu weyn, sababtoo ah dahaarka biriiga ee ku lug leh badbaadada iyo ilaalinta deegaanka, laga soo bilaabo 2005tii oo ay buuxiyeen shaqaale badan, waxayna si isdaba joog ah u horumariyeen lix heer.
(2) Yurub
Nidaamka caadiga ah ee dahaarka biriiga Yurub xeer, oo ay soo saartay WP29, WP29 magaca buuxa ee Golaha Isku-dubbaridka Xeerarka Baabuurta Adduunka ee Qaramada Midoobay (oo loo yaqaan UN/WP29), gaar ahaan mas'uul ka ah xeerarka ECE iyo hirgelinta dib u eegista shaqada WP29 waxay leedahay guddiga baabuurta GRRF si ay u horumariyaan sharciyada baabuurta, xeerarka dahaarka biriiga, heerarka ay soo saartay ururka FEMFM.Xeerarka suufka biriiga ee ku lug leh ECE Rl3, ECE Rl3H, ECE R90.
(3) Japan
Heerarka dahaarka biriiga ee Jabbaan waa JIS iyo JASO, JISJ Japan Heerarka Sahanka Heerarka Warshadaha, JASO waa heerka warshadaha baabuurta ee Jabbaan.Heerarka JIS ee baabuurta ee Japan ayaa hadda wadartoodu dhan tahay 248. Dahaarka biriiga ee baabuurta JIS waxa uu leeyahay 13 shay oo lagu xisaabiyay %.
Japan Automobile Standardization Organisation (JASO) waxay dejisay urur aad u dhawaaqa, sida laga soo xigtay takhasusyo kala duwan iyo beeruhu waxay dejiyeen guddiga farsamada ee u dhigma (ie, Wasaaradda), oo ay ku jiraan: biriiga, badbaadada, chassis jirka, qalabka korontada, matoorada, qaybaha caadiga ah, alaabta, mootooyinka labada lugood leh, waxqabadka baabuurta;Guddi kasta oo farsamo waxayna dejiyeen tiro kala duwan oo guddiyo farsamo hoosaadyo ah (ie, qaybo-hoosaadyada ayaa doona).Kaas oo leh laanta dahaarka biriiga, oo ka kooban baabuurta, qaybo, warshadda alaabta isku dhufashada.Tirada guud ee jaangooyooyinka Japan JASO hadda waa 297. Waxaa ka mid ah, waxaa jira 20 dahaarka biriiga ah.Xisaabta %
(4) Maraykanka
Heerarka dahaarka biriiga ee US by Society American of Automotive Engineers (Society of Automotive Engineers, oo loo yaqaan SAE) ayaa mas'uul ka ah horumarinta walxaha cilmi-baarista SAE waa baabuurta, baabuurta iyo baabuurta injineernimada, diyaaradaha, matoorada, alaabta iyo wax soo saarka, iwm. SAE. Heerarka ay soo saareen kuwa awoodda leh, oo ay si weyn u adeegsadaan warshadaha baabuurta iyo warshadaha kale, iyo tiro badan oo qaarkood ka mid ah ayaa loo qaatay sida heerarka qaranka ee Mareykanka.Waqtigan xaadirka ah, SAE waxay leedahay in ka badan 84,000 xubnaha 97 wadan waxayna ku daraa ama dib u eegtaa in ka badan 600 dukumeenti nooca injineerinka hawada iyo hawada sanad walba.Waxaa ka mid ah, waxaa jira 17 heerar oo la xiriira dahaarka biriiga.
Seddexaad, marka loo eego heerarka sare ee caalamiga ah iyo kuwa ajnabiga ah ee kor ku xusan, halbeegyada Shiinaha iyo heerarka sare ee ajnabiga ah ayaa farqi weyn u dhexeeya.
1, shaqada halbeeggu waa soo daahday.Heerarka badeecadu waa shirkadaha ku hawlan wax soo saarka iyo hawlgalku waa inay u hoggaansamaan sharciga farsamada ee ugu sarreeya, laakiin sidoo kale arrimaha muhiimka ah ee la xidhiidha horumarka farsamada iyo horumarka caafimaadka leh ee warshadaha.Isticmaalayaasha hoose ee shuruudaha shaqada ee sii kordheysa ee warshadaha ee alaabada isku dhafka ah waxay sii wadaan inay soo bandhigaan shuruudo farsamo oo sarreeya, si loo sameeyo halbeeg farsamo oo ka tarjumaya fikradda sayniska, tilmaamayaasha horumarsan, shuruudaha hawlgalka iyo jaangooyada suuqa, si loo gaaro shaqada heerarka caalamiga ah. , laakiin sidoo kale waa inay "la socotaa waqtiyada", si joogto ah ama si aan joogto ahayn heerarka cusub si loo kordhiyo qeexida iyo heerarkii hore ee shaqada.Laakiin sannadihii la soo dhaafay ay sabab u tahay caqabadaha hay'adaha iyo lacag la'aanta, shaqada standardization ayaa si dhab ah dib u dhac ku yimid horumarka tignoolajiyada warshadaha iyo hagaajinta wax soo saarka ee dhabta ah, midnimada heerarka jira, awoodda caqabad halis ah, laakiin sidoo kale maamulka farsamada ee warshadaha iyo horumarinta suuqyada caalamiga ah ayaa keenaya dhibaatooyin badan.
2, biriig la'aan, dahaarka gudbinta (block) iyo isu-ururinta nidaamka caadiga ah.
3, shuruudaha farsamada caadiga ah ee jira iyo hababka tijaabada ayaa wali ku jira muunada yar, xaaladaha tijaabada ah ee joogtada ah, iyo jaangooyooyinka ajnabiga ah si loo sawiro braking dhabta ah iyo 1: 1 faraqa tijaabada ah waa weyn yahay.
4, degdegga qaadashada halbeegga.Ka dib markii la soo galay qarnigii 21aad, Shiinaha ayaa ku soo laabtay WTO, xawliga macaamil ganacsi ee caalamiga ah, dhaqaalaha qaranka Shiinaha wuxuu sii wadaa inuu si degdeg ah u horumariyo.Dib-u-habaynta hay'adaha dawladda ee waaxyaha dawladda, Xafiiskii hore ee Agabka Dhismaha Dawladda waa la baabi'iyay.Dib u habaynta nidaamka ganacsi ee dawladu leedahay waa la dhamaystiray.Laakin halbeeg-u-dhigista suufka bireega asalka ah cutubka xudunta u ah farsamada lama sii caddayn, taas oo keentay in jaangooyooyinka warshadaha agabka jajabinta ee Shiinaha shaqada dib u eegis ay mar istaagto.5 ilaa 6 sano ee la soo dhaafay, biriiga, dahaarka gudbinta (block) iyo shirka (qalabka jajabka) ee ISO, JIS, JASO, SAE, FMVSS, AK, ECE iyo heerarka kale ee caalamiga ah iyo heerarka sare shisheeye iyo xeerarka si joogto ah updated version.Farqiga u dhexeeya Shiinaha iyo heerarka shisheeye ayaa mar kale sii ballaartay.Si loola jaanqaado horumarinta dhaqaalaha suuqa gudaha iyo dibadda, si loo xoojiyo is-weydaarsiga ganacsiga ee beesha caalamka, dib-u-dhiska bireega qaranka, xajinta gudbinta (block) iyo shirka (qalabka jajabinta) jaangooyooyinka guddi hoosaadyada ayaa noqday mid degdeg ah. kaas oo ah biriiga hadda jira, dahaarka gudbinta (block) iyo warshadaha isu-ururinta waxay ka shaqeeyaan mudnaanta sare ee Shiinaha.
5, wax soo saarka biriiga, inkastoo ay jiraan heerar qaran, heerarka warshadaha, heerarka sare ee ajnabiga ah ayaa leh heerar buuxa oo ISO, SAE, JASO iyo Europe ECER, xeerarka EEC, iwm. , oo aan ku haboonayn ka qaybgalka alaabta ee tartanka caalamiga ah, iyo nidaamka caadiga ah ee jira ma aha mid sax ah, waxaa jira heerar badan oo habaysan oo aan qummanayn.Heerarka wax soo saarka qaranka ee heer hoose, taasoo keentay tartan nidaamsan ee warshadaha, iyo qaababka kala duwan ee shirkadaha, tignoolajiyada wax soo saarka kala duwan, hababka imtixaanada qaar ka mid ah ma buuxin baahida wax soo saarka, qaar ka mid ah u baahan tahay in la hagaajiyo.
6, shirkadaha wax soo saarka alaabooyinka caanka ah ee caanka ah waa TMD, Pfeiffer, Morse, Aki Polo, iwm. Xeerarka J iyo ECE iyo heerarka AK.
Afar, machadyada tijaabinta dahaarka biriiga ee Shiinaha ee jira.
Hay'adaha tijaabinta agabka is khilaafa ee heer qaran ee jira ee Xarunta Qaranka ee tijaabinta alaabada macdanta aan biraha ahayn, Xarunta Imtixaanka Qaybaha Gawaarida Qaranka (Changchun);heerarka kale ee gobolka waa Zhejiang Auto Parts Xarunta Imtixaanka, Hubei, Shandong, Fujian, Gansu, Chongqing, iwm, kaas oo fuliyay ganacsi hore ee Xarunta Imtixaanka Qaybaha Auto Zhejiang, ganacsigu weli waa ka fiican yahay Xarunta Qaranka ee alaabta macdanta aan biraha ahayn. tijaabada (Xianyang).
V. Qalabka tijaabinta dahaarka biriiga ee Shiinaha ee jira iyo heerarka
Dahaarka biriiga ee Shiinaha ee jira heerar wax ku ool ah ayaa ah waana qasab GB5763-1998 kaliya.
Ku celcelinta qalabka tijaabinta unugyada ayaa aad u liidata, sababtoo ah mashiinka tijaabada xawaaraha go'an ayaa ah qalab aan caadi ahayn, gaar ahaan walxaha diskooga tijaabada ah ma aha mid la jaangooyay, wakaaladaha imtixaanada gobolka ee mashiinka tijaabada ma aha mid la jaangooyay ama kaliya aaladda loogu talagalay hagaajinta, iyo hawl-wadeennada si gaar ah uma tababaran, tijaabinta muunado cabbirro kala duwan ah, shiiditaanka bilowga ah lama dhammaystirin, xakamaynta heerkulka ma jiro, xawaaraha mashiinka tijaabinta waa ka duwan yahay, oo ay weheliso soosaarayaasha kala duwan ee mashiinnada tijaabada, qaladka mashiinka tijaabada ilaa 15-30% (isbarbardhigga imtixaanka sanadlaha ah iyo isbarbardhigga dhirta martida loo yahay), soosaarayaasha mishiinada tijaabada ah ee aan haysan shatiga mitirka, iwm. Natiijadu waxay noqon doontaa isku mid.
Santa waa soo-saare xirfad leh suufka bireega baabuurta iyo saxannada gudaha Shiinaha, oo leh 15 sano oo waayo-aragnimo ah.
Waqtiga boostada: Feb-07-2022